FOREWORD
Assalamualaikum warohmatullahi wabarokatuh
Peace to us all
Welcome to meet online learning (cyber universities), which makes it easy for you to study while working (learning while doing). Not tied to place and time, anywhere and anytime. As long as you have the motivation to learn, from wanting to be able and finally succeeding. Hopefully!
Wassalamualaikum warohmatullahi wabarokatuh
Jakarta, March 2, 2020
ONLINE LECTURE, BEGINS ON SESSION 3 MEETINGS, UP TO SESSION 7 MEETINGS
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- 1
2 March - 8 March
- 2
9 March - 15 March
- 3
16 March - 22 March
Discussion Forum
Indonesian learning as a form of moral and academic responsibility in higher education in fostering students and youth to truly become Indonesian. The basic question is whether Indonesian people have not yet become an Indonesian nation? The answer is no. All Indonesian citizens have become legitimate Indonesians and have the same position before the law. The problem is how the Indonesian people can survive (survival), able to face the challenges of the 21st century that all demands openness and ability to be prosperous, safe and peaceful. The influence of the euphoria of reforms made the Indonesian people almost forget themselves that in fact they were Indonesian. You are asked to give an argumentative and scientific response to the above statement!
Forum Diskusi
Pembelajaran ke-Indonesia-an sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab moral dan akademik pendidikan tinggi dalam membina mahasiswa dan pemuda agar benar-benar menjadi orang Indonesia. Pertanyaan mendasar apakah selama ini orang Indonesia belum menjadi bangsa Indonesia? Jawabannya tidak. Semua warga negara Indonesia sudah menjadi bangsa Indonesia yang sah dan memiliki kedudukan yang sama di muka hukum. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana bangsa Indonesia dapat bertahan hidup (survival), mampu menghadapi tantangan abad ke-21 yang serba menuntut keterbukaan dan kecakapan untuk bisa menjadi sejahtera, aman dan damai. Pengaruh euforia reformasi membuat bangsa Indonesia hampir-hampir lupa diri bahwa sesungguhnya dirinya adalah bangsa Indonesia. Anda diminta untuk memberikan tanggapan yang argumentatif dan ilmiah atas pernyataan tersebut di atas!
- 4
23 March - 29 March
Discussion Forum
Never change history in the interests of certain groups or groups. Because in the end it can harm the nation and obscure the real historical facts. As a result it can affect and change citizens' perceptions of historical facts, so that there will be unclear and changes in perspective or perception. Certainly it will affect the formation of national personality, change character and ultimately change national identity. Examples of the insistence of a handful of people with an interest in changing the history of the G30S / PKI, even though the results of the confirmation to the historical actors who are still alive and directly witnessed with their own eyes on the G 30 S / PKI event, stated the historical fact that the G 30 S / PKI events were true is. Of course this must be a reference in maintaining true history. What do you think of wanting to change history? Explain!
Forum Diskusi
Jangan pernah mengubah sejarah demi kepentingan kelompok atau golongan tertentu. Karena pada akhirnya dapat menciderai bangsa dan mengaburkan fakta sejarah yang sesungguhnya. Akibatnya dapat mempengaruhi dan mengubah persepsi warga negara terhadap fakta sejarah, sehingga akan terjadi ketidak-jelasan dan perubahan cara pandang atau persepsi. Tentu akan berpengaruh kepada pembentukan keperibadian bangsa, mengubah karakter dan pada akhirnya mengubah identitas bangsa. Contoh adanya desakan segelintir masyarakat yang berkepentingan untuk mengubah sejarah G30S/PKI, padahal hasil konfirmasi kepada pelaku sejarah yang masih hidup dan turun langsung menyaksikan dengan mata kepala sendiri terhadap persitiwa G 30 S/PKI, menyatakan fakta sejarah bahwa peristiwa G 30 S/PKI benar adanya. Tentu ini harus menjadi acuan dalam mempertahankan sejarah yang benar. Bagaimana menurut pendapat anda terhadap keingginan mengubah sejarah? Jelaskan!
- 5
30 March - 5 April
Discussion Forum
National integration in the historical view, originated from the desire to escape from Dutch colonialism. Several times the effort against the invaders always suffered defeat and failure, as a result of the strength of the division between one job and another on the land of Nusantara. Resistance is still carried out sporadically by the kings and tribes in the archipelago. So since 1908 Boedi Oetomo pioneered social integration, namely by strengthening unity and unity through the struggle of social organization and education. The pioneering struggle for integration was emphasized by the youths, who gathered in Yograkarta on October 28, 1928, pledging Soempah Pemoeda, one-watered land, one nation and the language of Indonesian unity. This spirit of unity, manifested in the proclamation of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, has now begun to integrate Indonesia's de facto integration. As the legal basis for binding the union, the 1945 constitution and Pancasila constituted the State Foundation on August 18, 1945, the deyure of Indonesian integration was based on the 1945 constitution and the Pancasila state foundation. But in reality the 1945 Constitution has been amended many times so that it is not "in line with and in line with" the Pancasila as the ideology and the basis of the state. For example, in the RIS Law and the Constitution which are both liberal in nature, even though they ended with the Presidential Decree of 1959, then there was another test which at the peak was forced to become communist. Even this movement must end with the annihilation of the G 30S / PKI 1965. When the reform era began, the 1945 Constitution was amended 4 times. As a result of the amendment, the results have made life patterns and arrangements constructed to be liberal. If it can be analogized, the amendment event is almost the same as the past history when the RIS and UUDS Laws were applied, where national integration experienced disruption and deviation. Are the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (amendment) relevant to efforts to integrate the Indonesian nation as historically (Boedi Oetomo, 1908 and the Youth Pledge, 28 October 1928), the de facto (Proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945) and deyure established by the 1945 constitution and Pancasila on 18 August 1945, as a manifestation of full national integration? What is your opinion? Explain and give an example!
Forum Diskusi
Integrasi nasional dalam pandangan historis, berawal dari adanya keinginan untuk melepaskan dari penjajahan Belanda. Beberapa kali usaha melawan penjajah selalu mengalami kekalahan dan kegagalan, sebagai akibat masih kuatnya terjadi perpecahan antara satu kerjaan dengan kerjaan lain di bumi nusanatara. Perlawanan masih dilakukan secara sporadis oleh para raja dan suku-suku yang ada di wilayah nusantara. Maka sejak tahun 1908 Boedi Oetomo merintis integrasi sosial, yaitu dengan menguatkan persatuan dan kesatuan melalui perjuangan organisasi sosial dan pendidikan. Rintisan perjuangan integrasi ini ditegaskan oleh para pemuda, yang berkumpul di Yograkarta tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 mengikrarkan Soempah Pemoeda, bertanah air satu, berbangsa satu dan bahasa persatuan Indonesia. Ruh persatuan ini, dimanifestasikan dalam proklamasi kemerdenaan Indonesia tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, defakto integrasi Indonesia baru dimulai. Sebagai dasar hukum yang mengikat tali persatuan maka ditetapkan konstitusi UUD 1945 dan Pancasila sebagai Dasar Negara pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945, deyure integrasi Indonesia dilandasi oleh konstitusi UUD 1945 dan dasar negara Pancasila. Namun dalam kenyataannya konstitusi UUD 1945 sudah berkali-kali dirubah sehingga tidak “seiring dan sejalan” dengan Pancasila sebagai ideologi dan dasar negara. Misalkan pada UU RIS dan UUDS yang keduanya bersifat liberal, meski berakhir dengan Dekrit Presiden 1959, namun kemudian ada ujian lagi yang pada puncaknya dipaksa untuk menjadi berhaluan komunis. Gerakan inipun harus berakhir dengan penumpasan G 30S/PKI 1965. Ketika era reformasi bergulir, UUD 1945 telah 4 kali diamandemen. Akibat amandemen, maka hasilnya telah membuat pola dan tata kehidupan dikonstruksi menjadi liberal. Kalau boleh dianalogkan, maka peristiwa amandeman hampir sama dengan sejarah masa lalu ketika berlaku UU RIS dan UUDS, dimana integrasi nasional mengalami gangguan dan penyimpangan. Apakah UUD NRI 1945 (amandemen) relevan dengan upaya-upaya mengintegrasikan bangsa Indonesia sebagaimana historis (Boedi Oetomo, 1908 dan Sumpah Pemuda, 28 Oktober 1928), defakto (Proklamasi kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945) dan deyure ditetapkan konstitusi UUD 1945 dan Pancasila pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945, sebagai bentuk manifestasi integrasi nasional yang utuh? Bagaimana pendapat anda? Jekaskan dan berikan contoh!
- 6
6 April - 12 April
Discussion Forum
Historically, the concept of nationalism was born when the Indonesian people struggled to free themselves from all forms of colonialism (Dutch and Japanese). The struggle of the Indonesian nation, which at that time was still local, turned out to be fruitless, due to the lack of unity and unity, while on the other hand the colonials continued to use devide et impera politics to break down in defense and power. Nevertheless, the resistance of the heroes has proven that the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian people who never extinguished in repelling invaders in the archipelago. This awareness then led to the birth of the Budi Utomo movement on May 20, 1908 which was an early milestone in the history of the national struggle of the nation, followed on October 28, 1928 Youths announced the Youth Pledge Pledge; one-watered land, one nation and Indonesian, until the proclamation of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945 which was the embryo of the existence of an Indonesian nationality insight. The succession period of 1908 was called pioneering, 1928 was called affirmation, and 1945 was called de facto / yure merdeka. Implementation of Nusantara Insight is to realize a unity in the field of POLEKSOSBUDHANKAM and an Indonesian territorial unit known as archipelago. It is clear what exactly is meant by archipelago, pioneers and affirmations in strengthening nationalism !!!
Forum Diskusi
Secara historis, wawasan kebangsaan lahir ketika bangsa Indonesia berjuang membebaskan diri dari segala bentuk penjajahan (Belanda dan Jepang). Perjuangan bangsa Indonesia yang waktu itu masih bersifat lokal ternyata tidak membawa hasil, karena belum adanya persatuan dan kesatuan, sedangkan di sisi lain kaum kolonial terus menggunakan politik devide et impera pecah bela dan kuasa. Kendati demikian, perlawanan para pahlawan telah membuktikan bahwa semangat perjuangan bangsa Indonesia yang tidak pernah padam dalam mengusir penjajah di wilayah nusantara. Kesadaran tersebut kemudian mendorong lahirnya pergerakan Budi Utomo tanggal 20 Mei 1908 yang merupakan tonggak awal sejarah perjuangan bangsa yang bersifat nasional, disusul tahun 28 Oktober 1928 Para Pemuda mengumandangkan ikrar Sumpah Pemuda; bertanah air satu, berbangsa satu dan bahasa Indonesia, hingga proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945 yang merupakan embrio keberadaan wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia. Secara berturut-turut periodesasi 1908 disebut perintis, 1928 disebut penegas, dan 1945 disebut de-fakto/yure merdeka. Secara implementatatif Wawasan Nusantara adalah untuk mewujudkan satu kesatuan dalam bidang POLEKSOSBUDHANKAM dan satu kesatuan teritorial Indonesia yang dikenal dengan istilah archipelago. Jelas apa sebetulnya yang dimaksud dengan isitalah archipelago, perintis dan penegas dalam pemantapan wawasn kebangsaan!!!
- 7
13 April - 19 April
Discussion Forum
Towards the independence of the Dutch colonialists made a policy about the boundaries of Indonesia's territorial territory. The policy was stipulated in the 1939 ordinance, which set the boundaries of Indonesia's sea territory 3 miles measured from the coastline in a position of low tide. As it is known that 1 mile is equivalent to 1.609 km, so if 3 miles means the length of the waters from the base of the coast is 4,827 km. The length of the Sunda Strait is 30 km, when pulled from Java Island Peacock towards the open sea 4,827 km and from Bakauheni Island Sumatra 4,827 km means that in the Sunda Strait there is a free sea of 20,346 km or around 12,645 miles. Whereas the archipelago region is archipelago, therefore if it is seen from the territorial territorial integrity aspect, it can be said to be unsuitable for Indonesian territory. Explain what was the motivation of the Dutch invaders to establish the 1939 ordinance policy!
Forum Diskusi
Menjelang kemerdekaan penjajah Belanda membuat kebijakan tentang batas-batas wilayah territorial Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut tertuang dalam ordenansi 1939, diman mengatur batas wilayah laut Indonesia 3 mil di ukur dari garis pangkal pantai dalam posisi air laut surut. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa 1 mil ekwivalen dengan 1,609 km, sehingga kalau 3 mil berarti panjang wilayah perairan dari pangkal pantai 4,827 km. Panjang Selat Sunda 30 km, bila ditarik dari Merak Pulau Jawa ke arah laut lepas 4,827 km dan dari Bakauheni Pulau Sumatra 4,827 km berarti di Selat Sunda ada laut bebas sepanjang 20,346 km atau sekitar 12,645 mil. Padahal wilayah nusantara merupakan wilayah kepulauan archipelago), oleh sebab itu bila dilihat dari aspek keutuhan wilayah teritorial, maka dapat dikatakan tidak cocok untuk wilayah Indonesia. Jelaskan apa motivasi penjajah Belanda menetapkan kebijakan ordenansi 1939 tersebut!
- 8
20 April - 26 April
- 9
27 April - 3 May
- 10
4 May - 10 May
Discussion Forum
In National Defense there is the term Pancagatra and Trigatra, or commonly known as the Astagtara method. To find out a state condition, the astagatra method can be analyzed in which parts or gatra-gatra are experiencing a condition of decline, stability or increase. This is because the function of national resilience is to ward off threats, challenges, obstacles and disturbances (ATHG) so as to create an ideal condition of the Indonesian nation and state. You are asked to describe one example, may be written narrative form (description) and / or ATHG images on one or several images.
Forum Diskusi
Pada Ketahanan Nasional ada istilah Pancagatra dan Trigatra, atau lazim dikenal dengan metode astagtara. Untuk mengetahui suatu kondisi negara maka metode astagatra dapat dianalisa pada bagian-bagaian mana atau gatra-gatra mana yang mengalami kondisi penurunan, stabil atau kenaikan. Hal ini karena fungsi ketahanan nasional adalah untuk menangkal acaman, tantangan, hambatan dan gangguan (ATHG) sehingga menciptakan suatu kondisi ideal bangsa dan negara Indonesia. Anda diminta untuk mendesskripsikan satu contoh, boleh ditulis bentuk narasi (diskripsi) dan/atau gambar ATHG pada salah satu atau beberapa gatra.
- 11
11 May - 17 May
Discussion Forum
The love of the motherland can be implemented in the form of thoughts, attitudes and actions that present a sense of belonging to the nation and state of Indonesia. For example: consistently using domestic products. An expression of pride appears when using results (made in) Indonesia. It can be an example of buying shoes, clothing, household appliances, furniture and others that are local production, not imported products from other countries. In terms of culinary, there will be a sense of pleasure by consuming food or culinary "authentic Indonesian style" whose ingredients are sourced from within the country. It is deemed necessary to cultivate traditional Indonesian foods rich in nutrition, vitamins and nutrients such as cassava, tofu, tempeh and culinary specialties from Sabang to Merauke, such as Aceh Noodles, Rendang Padang, Palembang Mpek-mpek, Soto Betawi, Gudeg Jogya , Rawon East Java, Soto Makasar, and others. Why buy chicken in Kentucky? Why should you buy bread at MacDonald? Even though fried chicken and authentic Indonesian culinary are available very much and varied on this motherland earth. Which one do you prioritize Indonesian-style culinary, or imported culinary products. Give an explanation!
Forum Diskusi
Rasa cinta tanah air dapat diimplementasikan dalam wujud pikiran, sikap dan tindakan yang menghadirkan rasa memiliki (sense of belonging) terhadap bangsa dan negara Indonesia. Misalnya: dengan konsisten mempergunakan produk dalam negeri. Muncul ekspresi rasa kebanggaan kalau memakai hasil (made in) Indonesia. Dapat dicontohkan membeli sepatu, pakaian, peralatan rumah tangga, perabotan dan lainnya adalah produksi lokal, bukan produk impor dari negara lain. Dalam hal kuliner, akan ada rasa senang dengan mengkonsumsi makanan atau kuliner “ala Indonesia asli” yang bahan-bahannya bersumber dari dalam negeri. Dipandang perlu membudayakan makanan tradisional khas Indonesia yang kaya gizi, vitamin dan nutrisi seperti: singkong, tahu, tempe dan kuliner-kuliner yang khas daerah dari Sabang sampai Merauke, seperti Mie Aceh, Rendang Padang, Mpek-mpek Palembang, Soto Betawi, Gudeg Jogya, Rawon Jatim, Soto Makasar, dan lainnya. Kenapa harus membeli ayam di Kentucky? Kenapa harus membeli roti di MacDonald? Padahal ayam goreng dan kuliner Indonesia asli tersedia sangat banyak dan bervariasi di bumi ibu pertiwi ini. Mana yang anda utamakan kuliner ala Indonesia, atau kuliner produk impor. Beri penjelasan!
- 12
18 May - 24 May
- 13
25 May - 31 May
- 14
1 June - 7 June
Discussion Forum
In the dynamics of the implementation of the Constitution (the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) has been amended several times, following the political system of the Indonesian state. This change event took place several times with a certain time period. These changes can be systematically stated: (1) 1945 Constitution, Applies August 18, 1945 to December 27, 1949, (2) RIS Constitution, Applies December 27, 1949 to August 17, 1950, (3) UUDS, Applies August 17 1950 until July 5, 1959 , (4) 1945 Constitution, Effective July 5, 1959 to 1967, (5) 1945 Constitution from 1967 to 1998, (6) 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as a result of the amendment in effect from 1999 until now. In the application of the constitution (1945 Constitution) amendments, the state government system experienced a very significant change with the application of the government system to the constitution (1945 Constitution) before the amendment. You are asked to explain what these changes are? Is there any result of the change, the implementation of which is contrary to the values of Pancasila? Explain!
Forum Diskusi
Dalam dinamika gerak pelaksanaan Konstitusi (UUD NRI 1945) mengalami beberapa kali perubahan, mengikuti sistem politik negara Indonesia. Peristiwa perubahan ini berlangsung dalam beberapa kali dengan periode waktu tertentu. Perubahan tersebut secara sistematis dapat dikemukakan: (1) UUD 1945, Berlaku 18 Agustus 1945 Sampai 27 Desember 1949, (2) Konstitusi RIS, Berlaku 27 Desember 1949 Sampai 17 Agustus 1950, (3) UUDS, Berlaku 17 Agustus 1950 Sampai 5 Juli 1959, (4) UUD 1945, Berlaku 5 Juli 1959 Sampai 1967, (5) UUD 1945 pada Tahun 1967 sampai dengan 1998, (6) UUD NRI tahun 1945 hasi amandemen berlaku sejak tahun 1999 sampai sekarang. Dalam penerapan konstitusi (UUD NRI 1945) amandemen, sistem pemerintahan negara mengalami perubahan sangat signifikan dengan penerapan sistem pemerintahan pada konstitusi (UUD 1945) sebelum amandemen. Anda diminta untuk memberikan penjelasan apa saja perubahan-perubahan tersebut ? Adakah dari hasil perubahan itu, pelaksanaannya yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila? Jelaskan!
- 15
8 June - 14 June
Discussion Forum
1. Government policy regarding the "tax aware" program through education is one of the strategies to foster and develop a culture of tax awareness early on to Indonesian citizen students. This is very important, considering that the main source of funding for national development comes from the taxation sector. One of the obligations of citizens is paying taxes in accordance with statutory provisions. In your view, what if a canyon does not pay taxes, on the contrary things are taxpayers. Explain!
2. The most fundamental issue of relations between the state and citizens is the issue of rights and obligations. States and citizens alike have their respective rights and obligations. These two things are interrelated, because when talking about state rights it means talking about the obligations of citizens, and vice versa; if talking about the obligations of the state is to talk about the rights of citizens. Rights are something that must / absolutely owned or obtained by every individual. While liability is something that must / absolutely be done. A person's rights are limited by the rights of others and also limited by the obligations that must be carried out by the person concerned. Therefore, although rights are an absolute necessity we have, these rights have limitations. if it is associated with the rights and obligations of citizens, then the concept of citizens' rights is something that must be owned by a citizen due to its relationship with the state. That is, these rights absolutely must be fulfilled by the state. Meanwhile, the concept of civic obligation is something that must be done by a citizen as a result of his relationship with the state. That is, this obligation is absolutely fulfilled by citizens. So the rights and obligations of citizens have a reciprocal relationship with the rights and obligations of the state. Rights which are owned by citizens result in obligations that must be fulfilled by the state. Conversely, state rights result in obligations that are absolutely fulfilled by citizens. Explain what is meant by the rights and obligations of citizens having a reciprocal relationship with the rights and obligations of the state. Give an example!
Forum Diskusi
1. Kebijakan pemerintah tentang program “sadar pajak” melalui pendidikan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk menumbuhkan dan membangun budaya sadar pajak secara dini kepada peserta didik warga negara Indonesia. Hal ini sangat penting, mengingat sumber utama pendanaan pembangunan nasional bersumber dari sektor perpajakan. Salah satu kewajiban warga negara adalah membayar pajak sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan. Menurut pandangan Anda bagaimana bila ada warga ngara tidak membayar pajak, pada hal yang bersanguktuan merupakan wajib pajak. Jelaskan!
- 16
15 June - 21 June
Discussion Forum
In history there have often been deviations from the values and norms of the Pancasila in the implications of general government policy. But when it is evaluated and realized that there is a fundamental problem with the deviations of the values and norms of the Pancasila, then to maintain the purity of the Pancasila, the deviations must be terminated and return to Pancasila consistently. With regard to democracy in the direct electoral system, it must be observed whether the need for democracy only prioritizes the will of the people and prioritizes individual freedom, because at the moment of reform the people simultaneously want to make direct democracy in Indonesia, then the Parliament and the government legitimize the existence of direct democracy? Does there still need to be a review and evaluation of the relevance of the current democratic system to the existence of the values and norms of the Pancasila as the ideology and basis of the state? Explain your opinion !!!
Forum Diskusi
Dalam sejarah memang sering terjadi penyimpangan terhadap nilai-nilai dan norma Pancasila dalam implikasi kebijakan umum pemerintah. Namun ketika dievaluasi dan disadari bahwa ada peroslan mendasar terhadap penyimpangan nilai-nilai dan norma Pancasila, maka untuk menjaga kemurnian Pancasila, maka penyimpangan itu harus diakhiri dan segera kembali kepada Pancasila secara konsekwen. Berkaitan dengan demokrasi pada sistem pemilihan langsung, maka harus dicermati apakah kebutuhan akan demokrasi hanya mengutamakan kehendak rakyat semata mengedepankan kebebasan idndividu, karena pada saat momen reformasi rakyat serentak berkehendak menjadikan demokrasi langsung di Indonesia, lalu DPR dan pemerintah melegitimasi keberadaan demokrasi langsung itu? Apakah masih perlu ada tinjau ulang dan evaluasi akan relevansi sistem demokrasi sekarang dengan eksistensi nilai-nilai dan norma Pancasila sebagai ideologi dan dasar negara? Jelaskan pendapat anda!!!
- 17
22 June - 28 June
Discussion Forum
Law as the Commander of Justice must be carried out objectively, fulfilling the community's sense of justice. All Indonesian citizens are equal before the law. Because if the implementation of the law is only sharp downward, but blunt upward, it means that the interests of the authorities and the political elite play a more dominant role, compared to giving a sense of justice itself. So it is certain that there is a setback far back, not much different from what was revealed by Plautus in his work Asinaria (195 AD) and the philosopher, Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679 AD) in his book Leviathan said "Homo homini lupus", which means humans are wolves for other humans. Humans have different desires and passions between humans. Lusts that humans have are good, there are bad desires. This is one of the arguments why the rule of law is needed. How is your attitude and opinion towards the objectivity of law enforcement, and what are your best suggestions !!!
Forum Diskusi
Hukum sebagai Panglima keadilan, harus dilakukan secara objektif, memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat. Semua warga negara Indonesia mempunyai kedudukan yang sama di mukan hukum. Sebab bila pelaksanaan hukum hanya tajam ke bawah, tetapi tumpul ke atas, berarti kepentingan-kepentingan penguasa dan elit politik lebih dominan berperan, dibandingkan untuk memberikan rasa keadilan itu sendiri. Maka dipastikan terjadi kemunduran jauh ke belakang, tidak jauh berbeda seperti apa yang diungkap oleh Plautus dalam karayanya Asinaria (195 M) dan filosof, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679 M) dalam bukunya Leviathan mengatakan “Homo homini lupus”, yang artinya manusia adalah serigala bagi manusia lainnya. Manusia memiliki keinginan dan nafsu yang berbeda-beda antara manusia yang satu dan yang lainnya. Nafsu yang dimiliki manusia ada yang baik, ada nafsu yang tidak baik. Inilah salah satu argument mengapa aturan hukum diperlukan. Bagaiaman sikap dan pendapat anda terhadap objektivitas penegekkan hukum, dan apa saran-saran terbaik anda!!!
- 18
29 June - 5 July
Discussion Forum
Deconcentration is the delegation of part of Government Affairs which is the authority of the Central Government to the governor as the representative of the Central Government, to vertical agencies in certain areas, and / or to the governor and regent / mayor as the person in charge of general government affairs. You are asked to mention how many and what are the Government Affairs which are the authority of the Central Government which is delegated to the Governor and Regent / Mayor as representatives of the Central Government to the vertical agencies in the autonomous region !!!
Forum Diskusi
Dekonsentrasi adalah pelimpahan sebagian Urusan Pemerintahan yang menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat kepada gubernur sebagai wakil Pemerintah Pusat, kepada instansi vertikal di wilayah tertentu, dan/atau kepada gubernur dan bupati/wali kota sebagai penanggung jawab urusan pemerintahan umum. Anda diminta untuk menyebutkan ada berapa dan apa saja Urusan Pemerintah yang menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat yang dilimpahkan kepada Gubernur dan Bupati/Walikota sebagai wakil Pemerintah Pusat kepada instansi vertical di wilayah otonom tersebut!!!
- 19
6 July - 12 July
- 20
13 July - 19 July